Calculating machine



Jan.'21, 1936. M, F: FRmEN 2,028,540

CALCULATING MACHINE v Original Filed Feb. 27. 1922 6 Sheets-Sheet l WITNESS INVENTOR ATTORNEYS Jan. 21, 1936- c. M. F. FRIDEN CALCULATING MACHINE 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 Original Filed Feb. 27. 1922 I v INVENTOR I CARL fe/pf/v.

fig ATTORNEYS IIIIIIIIIIIIII 1/1.

. WITNESS:

C. M. F. FRIDEN CALCULATING MACHINE Jan. 21, 1936.

Original Filed Feb.'27 1922 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 WITNESS.

L 7 /z FIG 6.

INVENTOR CARL MfF/e/afry.

Why/aw %l/ ATTORNEYS 1936- c. M. FRIDEN CALCULATING MACHINE Original Filed Feb. 27. 1922 6 Sheets-Shet 4 IN V E N TOR QEL M /7 FP/DEN ATTORNEYS WiI TNESS Jan. 21, 1936. 2,028,540

CALCULATING MACHINE Original Filed Feb. 27. 1922 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 74 "6 W5? A121. Erma. BY

ATTORNEYS 1936- I I c. M. F. FRIDEN 2 CALCULATING MACHINE OI iginal FiledFeb. 27. 1922 6 Sheets-Sheet 6' WITNESS I 2 7 Cm; MffP/DEN.

' ATTOVRNEYS INVENTOR Patented Jan. 21, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CALCULATING MACHINE Carl M. F. Friden, Piedmont, Calif., assignor to Marchant Calculating Machine Company, Emeryville, Calif., a corporation of California Application February 2'7, 1922, Serial No. 539,422 Renewed August 9, 1933 8 Claims. (01. 235 13) The invention relates to calculating machines F g- 9 is an ele a n, p y in Section, Of the and particularly to machines of the type wherein carriage shifting mechanism. the values to be calculated are introduced into g. s an end V ew Of the Carriage With the the machine by the depression of numeral keys. end pla removed, showing the means hold- An object of the invention is to produce a simg t Count W ee Shaft in Zero position- 5 ple, accurate and durable calculating machine of 11 is a V al Se through the millthe key-board type. tiplier indicating counter.

Another object of the invention is to produce 12 s a P showing h COIlheCtiOn 01 a key-board machine in which the pressure rethe multiplier index with e Carriagequired to depress the keys is reduced to a minig- 13 is a detail showing the control of the 10 mum. selecting element detents.

Another object or the invention is to produce Fi 14 is a side v i n f a sel l a key-board machine in which the depression of ment and its [IO-Operative actuating unit in a key positions a selecting element, which upon ed relation W the Counting a s !5 operation of the machine, positions the actuat- 15 is a nt e va of a s ect ng ele- 15 ing element to perform the calculation. ment- A further object or the invention is to produce 16 is a ro i n through a y n a calculating machine of th key-board type showing the means for holding the key depressed. which may be enlarged to any capacity by the 17 i a section a en on the e 2'0 addition of duplicate parts. 0

A further object 01 the invention is to provide 13 is a reel w Of the Carriage Shifting a calculating machine which will perform the device s w the ans for e s n the ca various calculating operations with a minimum Tiagenumber of operative m em nt The invention relates tocalculating machines The invention possesses many other advanta- 0f the type embodying ys by which t values 25 geous features, some of which, with the foregoing, a du d in the a n p ss n of a Will be set forth at length in the following deintroduces a a u r sp d n to t uscription where I shall outline in full, that term meral ch the key, into a rotatable drum Within of the invention which I have selected for illusthe machine, rotation of the ua being e tration in the drawings accompanying and formfected by a handle which projects to the outside 30 ing part of the present s e ifi t In said of the machine. The values introduced into the drawings I have shown one embodiment of my actuator are transmitted, on the rotation of the invention, but it is to be understood that I do not crank handle. t e fi u e d sc of t e counti limit myself to such form, since the invention, as mechanism, which. for the purpose cf making set forth in the claims, a b embodied in a the direct action of the selected values on the 35 plurality of forms, figure discs of highest value possible, is disposed Referrin to said drawing5: in parallel displaceable relation to the value se- Figure 1 is a perspective view of the machine letting cha sm axis. embodyin my inventi The calculating machine shown in the draw- 40 Fig 2 is a longitudinal vertical section of the ings, and which embodies the present invention 40 machine taken through the counter actuating Comprises a Suitable base 2 having Side plates mecfianism taken on the line Fig 5 3-4, between which the selectiing and counting I mechanism devices are arrange These devices Fig. 3 is a side elevation of a value selecting include a counting mechanism arranged on a clement 4 lon itudlnall dis laceable carrla e, a countln 0 4 1S a slde elevatlon of a counter actuating mec hanism a ctuat ing drum which upon rotatio unit.

D causes the values entered therein to become ef- Flg. 5 IS a rear elevation of the machine with fective in Operating t counting mechanism, the Case femovedkeys for entering the selected values into the 6 is a Vertical s On an enlarged drum, an indicator for disclosing the values en- 50 scale, ta 0n the i tered into the drum, an indicator for disclosing 7 is 8 Vertical sect taken 0 1 the e the calculation performed or being performed (-1, Fig. 5. and other devices for controlling the actuation of Fig. 8 is a vertical section showing the reversthe keys, selecting mechanism, counting devices ,5 ing actuating mechanism. and other instrumentalities. The machine contains all of the elements necessary to quickly and accurately perform the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. The machine is provided with a cover plate disposed between the side plates and arranged on the cover plate are the banks of keys, forming the keyboard. In the present illustration, the machine is provided with nine rows of numeral keys 5, each row comprising nine keys numbered from 1 to 9 consecutively. When a key in a row is depressed, it remains depressed, and each row is provided at its forward end with a clearance key 8, depression of which releases the depressed key in the corresponding row. Extending across the machine, between the side plates 3-43 are fixed cross bars 1 and 8 upon which'the key sections are mounted-each section comprising a row of nine keys 5 and one key 6. Each section is formed as a unit and is incorporated in the machine as a unit, and the desired capacity of the machine determines the number of sections to be employed. Each section comprises a top plate or top strip 9, which forms part of thecover plate of the machine. Secured to each top strip adjacent, but spaced from its ends, is a strap i2 which forms a guiding element for the key shanks IS. The keys are normally held in raised positions by springs Hi, bearing against the strap l2 and against shoulders l5 on the key shanks. Disposed below and in contact with the under side of the strap I2 is a slidel5 normally held in forward position by the spring G5.

The slide is provided with a plurality of apertures through which the key shanks extend and each key shank is provided with a detent. H, which, when the key is depressed, engages under the slide 15, to hold the key in the depressed position. The shank is also provided with a stop ll which contacts with the plate 9 when the key is raised, to limit the upward movement of the key. The clearance key 6 is provided on-its face with a cam projection l8, which operates, on depression of the clearance key, to move the slide to release the depressed key.

Arranged below each key section in position to be contacted with and depressed thereby, is a horizontal bar 2i, mounted on links 22, so that as it is depressed, it remains parallel to its nor mal position. raised position by a spring 23 engaging a link 22. The keys are all depressible through the same distance and are so arranged that depression of a numeral key causes a depression of the bar 2| for a distance corresponding to the numerical value of the depressed key. In the present construction, this is accomplished by making the key shanks of different lengths and spacing the lower ends of the keyshanks at progressively varying distances from the bar 2!. The shank of the nine key contacts with the .bar,v the shank of the eight key is spaced a unit distance from the bar, the shank of the seven key is spaced two units distance from the bar and so on, the shank of the one key being spaced eight units distance from the bar. Therefore when. the one key is deprcssed the bar 2| is moved one unit distance, when the two key is depressed, the bar is moved two units distance and so on. By arranging the bar 2| so that it maintains its parallelism in all The bar is normally held in itsthe rear of the machine, are a plurality of levers 26, there being one lever 25 for each key section.

Each lever 26 is provided with a horizontal arm connected to the end of the bar 2| and with a vertical arm connected with the value selecting element on the counter actuating drum. 'The horizontal arm is provided with a slot 21 which is engaged by a pin 28 on the bar 2| to.permit relative longitudinal movement of the arm and the bar as the bar is depressed by the numeral keys. Depression of the bar through various predetermined distances, causes various angular displacements of the vertical arm 29 of the lever. The vertical arm 29 is provided on its upper end with a rack 3| concentric with the shaft 25, which is in engagement with a' gear 32 on the value selecting element. Depression of a key in one section thus causes an angular displacement of the selecting element associated with the section, to a position corresponding to the numeral value of the depressed key. There is a selecting element associatedwith each key section, in the present instance there being nine selecting elements.

tuating unit. The actuator also comprises additional wheels 37 provided with tens carrying pins and selecting element locking means, as will hereafter be described. The actuator is rotatable in either direction from an initial position through a complete revolution back to initial position, by a crank handle 38 extending to the outside of the casing, the crank shaft being provided on its end with a gear- 39 meshing with a gear M on the actuator shaft. The-handle 38 is positioned in initial position by the spring pressed retractile pin 42 attached to the handle and seating in a hollow boss l3 on the casing. By pulling out the handle, the pin is removed from the boss so that the handle may be moved to rotate the actuator.

Each actuating unit comprises a counting mechanism actuating wheel and an associate value selecting element. comprises a disc or wheel carrying a diametrically disposed slide or niember 45, seated in the wheel so that it may be slid diametrically thereof. The slide is provided on one end with an actuating face provided with nine teeth 56, the teeth being arranged on an arc concentric with the axis of the wheel when in projected position and having the same pitch as the teeth of the intermediate wheel of the counting mechanism. The slide is held in the groove in the wheel by the ring 67 secured to the wheel and is normally held in retracted position with the teeth 36 lying within the" periphery of the wheel. The function of the select-ing element is to project the slide, at the proper time during the rotation of the actuator,

to bring the selected number of teeth intoengagement with the counting mechanism. The

, selecting element 35. to one side of which the gear 32 is secured, is provided on its opposite side, that is, the side which lies against the associated actuating wheel, with a cam 38 which is engaged by a roller 59 on the slide, 55. Thecam 38 is provided with a high face 5i and when the roller is in contact with this face, the slide is held in retracted position, and with a low face 52 and The actuating wheel aozasao when the roller is in contact with the low face the slide is in projected position. To insure the positive sliding movement of the slide, a backing cam 53, complementary to the main cam, is arranged opposite the low face 52, thus forming a cam groove through which the roller travels as the wheel is rotated, thus insuring the posi-- tive sliding motion of the slide, in time with the setting of the selecting element. The slide is thus reciprocated for each rotation of the wheel and the time of its reciprocation with respect to the position of the wheel, is determined by the setting of the selecting element. When the crank handle is rotated in a clockwise direction, the slide is projected as the actuating face is passing the intermediate wheel of the counting mechanism, so that the selected number of teeth engage the counting mechanism and is withdrawn after it passes the counting mechanism. When the handle is rotated in a counterclockwise direction, the slide is projected before it reaches the counting mechanism and is withdrawn as soon as the intermediate wheel has moved the selected number of steps. When the selecting element is set at zero, the slide is projected after the actuating face has passed the counting mechanism, when the handle is rotated clockwise and is projected and withdrawn before the actuating face reaches the counting mechanism, when rotated in the opposite direction.

Means are provided for indicating the values which have been entered into the machine by the depression of the keys, so that it is not necessary for the operator to search over the keyboard to determine the setting of the machine. Each selecting element is provided with a flanged rim section 56 upon which the numerals from zero to 9 are successively delineated and the row of numerals on the successive selecting elements are visible through a window 51 in the casing. When a key in a key section is depressed, the numerical value of the key appears in the window in the position occupied by the particular section. Above the window the casing is provided with numerals 58 corresponding to the positions .of

the key sections.

The selecting elements are adjustable to selected positions by depression of the keys but are not rotatable with the actuator and means are pro.- vided for locking them against rotation upon the initial movement of the crank handle and for preventing the entering of any values into the actuator after the handle has been moved from its initial position. Each selecting element is provided with an arcuate rack 6|, normally disposed in the position shown in Fig. 2, and these racks are engageable by fingers 62, to prevent movement of the selecting elements when the actuating handle is out of its initial or normal position. The fingers are mounted on a transverse shaft 63 and are connected together to lock or release all of the selecting elements. Secured to the sleeve to which all of the fingers 62 are secured, is an arm 64 having a rounded end engaging the cam 65 secured to the actuator shaft. The cam is provided with a notch 66 which registers with the end of the arm when the actuating handle is in its initial position and the end of the arm moves into the notch, permitting the fingers to fall by gravity from engagement with the racks 6i. Upon the initial movement of the actuating handle the cam 65 causes the arm 64 to be depressed, raising the fingers into engagement with the racks and holding them in such position during the time that the handle is out of initial position. The values entered into the machine by the depression of the keys can therefore not be altered after the handle has been moved.

The calculating machine may be employed to perform operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, a step in any operation being performed by a rotation of the actuating handle. Means are provided for setting the mechanism to automatically clear the key-board after each rotation of the handle, when performing problems of addition or substraction and for causing the values entered on the keyboard to remain unalterable during successive rotations of the handle, when performing the operations of multiplication and division. Secured to the sleeve to which the fingers 62 are secured, is an arm 66 which, when the fingers are disengaged from the racks, lies at the side of the disc 61 secured to the spring pressed rod 68 which extends into the hollow boss 43, in opposition to the spring pressed pin 42. When the operations of multiplication or division are to be performed, the rod 68 is free to move further into the boss 43 when the arm 66' is moved from in front of the disc 61. Upon initial movement of the handle, the fingers 62 and consequently the arm 65' is rocked, locking the selecting elements and raising the arm 66' from alongside the disc 61, so that the rod 68 is free to move. The rod moves sufficiently to place the disc under the end of the arm 66, thus preventing the arm from falling and holding the fingers in engagement with the racks. The handle may then be given any desired number of revolutions without releasing the fingers from the racks. This release is accomplished by positioning the handle in its initial position and permitting the pin 42 to enter the hollow boss 43, pushing back the rod 68 and moving the disc 67 from -under the arm 66, permitting the fingers to fall from engagement with the racks by gravity. During the operations of multiplication and division, the key-board is not automatically cleared when the handle is latched in its initial position, but is cleared by the use of a clearance key which will hereafter be described. During the operations of addition and subtraction, the key-board is automatically cleared during the rotation of the handle as will hereinafter be described.

The values entered into the actuator are transferred, upon rotation thereof, to the counting mechanism which is'arrang-ed on the longitudinally movable carriage H, which is movable to permit the action'of the actuating elements on the counting wheels of different value. Means are provided for moving the carriage longitudinally either in a step-by-step movement, or continuously to either end of its range of travel. The counting mechanism comprises a plurality of figure discs 12 mounted on the shaft 13 and having figures on their faces visible through apertures 14 in the carriage casing. Each disc is provided on one side with a toothed wheel 15, secured thereto, and meshing with an intermediate toothed wheel 16 loosely mounted on the shaft 11. Upon rotation of the drum, the toothed faces of the actuating elements move into engagement with the intermediate wheels, causing rotation thereof and consequently rotation of the figure discs. The figure discs are prevented from overthrowing by the escapement latches l8 pivoted on the shaft 19, which cause the figure discs to move with a. step-by-step movement so that that they are brought to rest between each step, thereby eliminating momentum which. would tend to overthrow the disc.

These latches are held in latching engagement with the toothed wheels I5, by the spring pressed balls 8| carried by the bar 82. The bar is carried v on a shaft 83, which is rotatable to move the balls out of engagement with the latches and thus free the latches, when it is desirable to reset the figure discs to 'zero. Suitable or well known means may be employed for rotating the figure discs to zero such for instance as is shown in the Trinks Patent No. 1,088,486 of February 24, 1914, by-the rotation of the shaft I3, which is provided externally of the carriage with a crank 84. Secured to the shaft I3 is a disc 85 having a notch 86 therein, in which the end of the finger 8! is normally disposed. The finger is secured to the shaft 83 on which the bars 82 are carried, so that upon initial movement of the crank 89, the finger 81 is forced out of the notch 86, turning the bar 82 to release the detent latches. The counting mechanism is also provided with suitable transfer levers 88 which operate in conjunction with the laterally movable tens-carrying pins 89 on the drum Fig. 13, to carry over values from one counting disc to the counting disc of next higher denomination Transfer levers and tenscarrying pins of the type shown herein are well known in the calculating machine art as shown for instance in the Hamann Patent No. 772,935

of October 25, 1904, so that it is not necessaryherein to describe their construction or mode of operation.

Any suitable or well known means may be employed for shifting the carriage longitudinally in a step-by-step movement and for releasing the carriage so that it may be shifted to the end of its-travel, and in the drawings I have shown one suitable mechanism for this purpose. The carriage shifting mechanism is operated by movement of the lever 9I, arranged at the front of the machine, in one direction or the other, depending upon the desired direction of movement of the carriage. The lever 9| is secured to a shaft 92 journalled in the casing and having its lower adapted to engage against the sides of the de-.

pressions or apertures 98 on the underside of the carriage. The dog ITI. bears against the left side wall of a depression, preventing movement of the carriage to the right and the dog I'I2 bears against the right side-wall of another depression, preventing movement of the carriage to the left. The carriage is thus normally locked in position against longitudinal movement and due to the use of two dogs, has no "side play. Arranged on each dog is a roller I I3 which is engaged by a pivoted dog to depress the latch. 'Pivoted on the slide 95, adjacent each dog, is a dog I76, which is prevented from moving backward. away from the roller I73 by a, stop H on the slide. When the slide is moved to move the dog I15 toward the roller, the lower flat inclined surface I16 of the dog II i, .rides over the roller, forcing it andzits associated sliding dog downward out of contact when released, is forced upward by the spring III interposed between the pawl and the dog Ill. The pawl extends through an aperture or elongated slot H8 in the top plate I19 of the frame 91 and is normally held out of engagement with the carriage, by contact'with the end of the slot.

The slot H8 is provided with beveled ends against which the pawls I16 lie, the angle .of the bevel corresponding to the slope of the upper surface of the contacting pawl, when the pawl is in normal positionas shown in Figure 9. Due to the bevel, the length of the slot on the upper surface of the plate I79 is less than its length on the under face. The length of the slot on the upper face is equal to the distance between the adjacent ends of the pawls I16 when the pawls are in normal position. When the slide 96 is moved toward the left, the right hand dog I14 depresses the dog I12 releasing the carriage so that it may be moved toward the left. Simultaneously, the

right hand pawl IIB' moves upward into the next depression in the carriage and continued movement of the slide to the left causes the right hand pawl I75 to move the carriage to the left. As the carriage is moving to the left and before it reaches the end of its throw, the right hand dog IIQ passes from the roller I73 permitting the dog I12 to spring upward into the next depression in the slide, to the right of the depression from which it was withdrawn, so that the dog is in position to stop the movement of the carriage at the'end of its step ofmovement. On movement of the carriage to the left, the dog III is depressed by engagement of the side of the depression with the bevelled sideof the dog and springs into the next depression after the car riage has been moved one step. As the slide moves back to its central or neutral position, the right hand dog I'M snaps over the roller I'I3 to its normal position against the stop I15. .Associated with the dog IN is a corresponding dog I76 and latch I19, together with the other elements. which function is indicated above-for movement of the carriage to the right.

Means are provided for returning the slide 96 and the lever 9I to neutral or-cenfral position, after the movement of theslide one step in either direction. Supported in the frame 97 below the slide 96 is a rod I8I which extends through an apertureinan ear I82 on the lower side of the slide at substantially the center thereof. Disposed on the rod IBI at each side of the ear I82 is a washer I83 provided with a stud or projection I84, the projections seating in the alined slot I85 and I85 respectively in the frame 97, the slots being of such length that when the studs are positioned at the adjacent ends of the two slots,

the ear is held in central or neutral position.

Arranged on each end of the rod, between the washer I83 and the abutment I86 through which the rod passes, is a normally inactive spring I8I which tends to hold the washer at the end of the slot. The springs tend to return the slide to neutral or central position, after it has been moved in either direction by the lever 9 I. Movement of ,the slide in either direction, compresses the spring on the side toward which the slide is moved. but does not in any manner vary the compression of the other spring, which remains inactive. The slide is thus centered after each movement of the carriage.

Means are also proxdded for simultaneously releasing or depressing both dogs III and I12. so that the carriage may be freely moved by hand. Each dog isprovided with a pin. I 88 18 ex- I 2,028,540 tending through a slot in the rear wall I89 of the frame in which the slide is mounted. Arranged )OD. the rear end of the wall I80 is a slide I9! which is movable longitudinally by pressure on the spring pressed button I92 projecting from the casing. The slide I9I is provided on its under surface with two inclined faces I93-whichbear against the pins I88.- Movement of the slide causes movement of the inclined surfaces over the pins, causing depression of the dogs and the release of the carriage.

Means are provided for preventing longitudinal movement of the carriage from any step position when the actuator is out of full-cycle position and for preventing rotation of the actuator from full-cycle position when the carriage is out of step position. Secured to the shaft 20I to which the gear I32 is secured and which rotates synchronously with the actuator, is a disc 202 having a notch 203 therein, the sides of which form abutment stops to prevent rotation position, one of the slots. 205 is alined with the" disc permitting rotation of the disc. When the carriage is out of stepposition, an unslotted portion of the rack lies in the notch in the disc, preventing rotation of the disc. Conversely, when the disc is moved from full-cycle position, the un notched portion of the periphery thereof lies in the slot 205, preventing longitudinal move-' ment of the carriage' The machine is provided with means for indicating the third factor of the calculation. One

- factor is indicated by the depression of the keys,

the other factor is indicated on the counting mechanism on the carriage and'the third factor is indicated independently of the first two. For instance, in the operation of multiplication, the multiplicand is shown at the window 51, the product is shown on the carriage" and the multiplier is shown at the windows I02. Thisthird factor is entered into the machine by the rotation of the crank handle 38, which is rotatable in either direction, as has been set forth hereinbefore. The third factor indicating mechanism is mounted between the side plate 3 and the intermediate plate34 and comprises a counting mechanism consisting of a plurality of numeral wheels I03, each provided on its side with a toothed -wheel I04 and meshing intermediate toothed wheels I05. The counting wheels are movable with a step-by-step motion controlled by the spring pressed detents I06. The selected.inter mediate wheel I05 is rotated one tooth for each revolution of the crank handle by thetooth I01, splined to'the shaft I08. The tooth I01 is movable longitudinally of the shaft I08, into the plane of the intermediate wheel of the selected denomination by the longitudinal movement of the carriage, so that the values entered into the third factor are of the samev denomination as the values entered into the second factor or product. Surrounding the shaft I08 is a collar I09 to which the tooth member I01 is connected and' this collar carries an indicator .II2 which indidates the denomination of the numeral being entered into the third factor. 'Secured to the collar I09 is a rod II 3, Fig. 12, provided on its shifted to either of its positions.

end with a rack II4 which meshes with a gear I I5 which, in turn, is in mesh with a rack I I6 on the carriage. Movement of the carriage is therefore accompanied by movement of the indicator H2 and the tooth member I01. The indicator moves in the opposite direction to the carriage so that the denominations on the counter wheels I03 progress in increasing value from right to left, as theydo in all numbers. carriage is in its-extreme left position,.in which ,the value entered by depression of a key in the first key section on the right, is entered into the counter on the carriage as a unit, the indicator is at its extreme right position, that is, at the units counting wheel I03. When the carriage is moved one step to the right from its extreme left Thus, when the position, the value entered by the depression of a key in the first key section on the right, is entered into the counter on the carriage in tens and the indicator is positioned at the tens counting wheel The shaft I08 is rotated by and in time with the rotation of the crank handle 38, as shown in Fig. 1'7. Rotatably mounted on the crank shaft 38a is a sleeve II1 on which is secured a tens carrying drum II8 for the counting wheels I03, this drum being provided with cams H9 and the usual laterally movable spring pressed pins I2I which cooperate with the transfer levers I22 of the counting mechanism to carry tens to the counting wheels of next higher denomination. The drum constitutes a universal element, being provided with carry-over pins adapted to cooperate with all of the numeral wheels I03 which are to be advanced as the wheel of the next lower denomination completes a cycle of movement. The pins or carry members I2I indirectly or mediately engage the numeral wheels I03 by engaging the intermediate wheels I05 which are in mesh with the gears I04 on the numeral wheels. Splined to the sleeve H1 is a gear I23 Fig. '1, which is movable longitudinally of the sleeve by a lever I24 projecting through the casing and fulcrumed on the drum shaft. The lever I24 is provided on its inner end with an arm I25 Fig. 8, concentric with the drum shaft and warped or bent laterally. The arm I25 bears in a notch I26 in a longitudinally slidable rod I21 which is normally retained in either of its two positions by a spring pressed ball I28 Fig. 5 adapted to engage in either of the notches I29 in the rod. Secured to the rod I21 is a shifting yoke I3I which engages a collar on the gear I23, so that by shifting the lever I24, the gear I23 is Journalled in the intermediate plate is a shaft having secured on one end, a gear I32 Fig. 5 meshing with gear 39 and having secured on its other end a gear I33. Meshing with gear I33 and offset to one side thereof is a gear I34. The gear I23 is shiftable sideways so that it is in mesh with either the gear I33 or the gear I34. When the gear I23 is By virtue of the provision of the tens carrying.

dials with 'a much less number of operations of the crank handle than has heretofore been possible. For instance, when it is desirable to multiply a number'for instance, 2345 by 897, it has 5 heretofore been necessary to insert the 2345 into the machine, then, with the carriage in the units position, rotate the crankhandle seven times, then move the carriage to the tens position and rotate the crank nine times and then move the carriage 10 to the hundreds position and rotate the crank eight times, making in all,,,twenty-four rotations of the crank. In the use of my machine, this operation is simplified to an extreme degree. I

I then move the carriage to the units position, and rotate the crank three times in the reverse direction, thus subtracting three from one thousand giving and showing a multiplier of 997. I then move the carriage to the hundreds position and rotate the crank once in the reverse direction,

producing anddisplaying a multiplier of 897.

f The product is thus obtained and the true multiplier-displayed by five rotations of the crank in comparison with twenty-four rotations by the prior constructions to secure the same result.

' In machines of the prior art, the multiplier reg- 30 ister has not been provided withtens-carrying mechanism and in some machines each dial of the multiplier register has been provided with two series of numerals, one series in black and one series in red, whereas in some other machines the 5 dials in the multiplier register are'provided with one series of numerals only. In multiplying by 897 in the first type of machine, by five rotations of the crank as set forth above in connection with mymachine, the product dial will show 1013, the

40 being in black and the 13 being in red. The operator must then resort to mental arithmetic,

, to satisfy himself that the showing of 1013 in the multiplier dial means that the number has been -multiplied by 897; In the second type of, ma- I 5 chinethefive rotations of the :crank will display 1097 in the multiplier dial, and the operator must again resort to mental arithmetic. By providing the multiplier register with tens-carrying mechanism, this register will always indicate the true 5 multiplier or divisor andnot some number which must be interpreted by mental calculation. The machine is constructed so that the multiplier register'actuator I01 and the tens-carrying drum I I9 rotate in the same direction and by the opera- 5 tion of the shiftinglever' I24, the direction of rotation of these two elements may be reversed with respect to the direction of rotation of the main actuator drum. The direction of operation of the machine as a whole-is accomplished\,

by control of the direction of rotation. of the crank handle 30. The crank handle is rotated in a clockwise direction for performing problems in addition .and multiplicatiomand in a counterclockwise direction for problems in subtraction 65 and division. In performing problemsin addition and multiplication, the main actuator drum, the multiplier register actuator and the multiplier registerltens-carrying drum rotate in the same direction but for problems in division, the lever I24 70 is shifted so that the multiplierregister actuator and the tens-carrying drum rotate in a direction opposite to that of the main actuator drum. In the operation of division, the direction of rotation of the crank handle is reversedbut themultiplier 75 register actuator and the tens-carrying drum,

must rotate in the same direction as in multiplication, in order that the multiplier register will correctly show the number of times that the 1 divisor has been taken out of the dividend. If

the multiplier register actuating elements were not reversed, a single reverse rotation of the crank would display 9999, etc., in the multiplier register,-i'nstead of 1. Similarly in subtraction, wherein the direction of rotation of the crank handle is reversed, the multiplier register must operate as in addition, to record and displaythe number of factors orv numerals which have been subtracted. I

[When the operating crank is turned in a positive direction, as in a multiplication process, the multiplier register actuator control lever I 24 is placed in its positive position and for reverse op V eration ofthe crank, it is placed in its negative position. In multiplication, however, where the short cut method is employed, as in the example given herein, the lever I24 remains in the posi tive position for both forward and reverse operations of the crank and vice versa in division. Also in multiplication, when it is desired to produce a complement multiplier in the multiplier register, the lever I24 remains in the negative position for both forward and reverse operations of the crank and vice versa in division. The third factor counter is also advantageously used in determining reciprocals, square root and-in problems in division.

The counting wheels I03 are readily reset to zero by rotation of the crank MI secured to the.

shaft I42 on which the Wheels are rotatably mounted. The wheels are normally held by the spring pressed detents I06. Rotation of the shaft I42, partially rotates a half round shaft I03 Fig. 6, in the same manner as in the counting mechanism in the carriage, to raise the detents from the toothed wheels to permit the counting wheels to readily rotate. The shaft IE2 is provided with a cam disc, such as the cam disc 85 on i the shaft I3 and the shaft I03 is provided with a finger, such as the finger 87 onthe shaft 83, which engages the cam, so that rotation of the shaft I02 causes partial rotation of the shaft I43. A plurality of spring pressed balls I45, in the shaft I02, there being one ball for each counting wheel,

ing wheels and carry them around until a projection or tooth III on the side of each wheel contacts with the associated transfer lever I22, stopping the counting wheel in zero position. The transfer lever is held in position to stop the counting wheel, by the cam II9.

Means are provided for clearing the key-board and for setting the machine to perform problems l X n depression of which releases key I52 and restores the machine to condition for operations of multiplication and division. The *slides I5, which serve to hold the depressed numeral keys in depressed position are normally held forward by springs I6 and are provided on their rear ends with lips I54. Pivoted to the frame of the ma chine, and disposed in front of the lips I54, is a gate or plate I55, which when pushed backward, moves the slides I 5 backward, and thus causes the release of the key-shanks. Pivoted within the casing, on a post I56, is a lever I5I, one end of which is disposed below the shank of key I5I. The other end of the lever is provided with a cam face I58 which lies adjacent the lower end of the gate I55, so that depression of the key I5I rocks the gate I55, thus moving the slides I5 to release all of the depressed numeral keys.

The devices set into operation by the depression of the key I52, which is held in depressed position by the spring pressed slide I59 engaging the projection I6I on the shank of the key, comprise a tripper bar I62 pivoted to the gear I33, so that its free end is reciprocated as the crank handle is rotated. At its free end, the bar is provided with a projection I63, which reciprocates back and forth below the gate I55 and normally out of contact with the gate. The bar is supported intermediate its ends and slides on a lateral projection I64 on the lever I65, pivoted intermediate its ends to the post I56. The front end of the lever I65 lies below the shank of the key I52 so that .when said key is depressed, the projection I64 is raised, raising the free end of the bar 162, so that the projection engages and swings the gate I55, at each rotation of the crank handle. The depressed numeral keys are thus released during the rotation of the handle. Means are also provided for releasing the selecting elements on the actuating drum as the handle approaches its initial position after a revolution, and this is accomplished by rendering inoperative the means employed in multiplication operations for holding the selecting elements locked in adjusted positions until the handle pin is seated. in the hollow boss. As has been set forth hereinbefore, each selecting element is provided with an arcuate rack 6|, which, after the handle is moved from its initial position, is engaged by a finger 62, to prevent movement of the selecting element. The plurality of fingers 62 are moved into engagement with the racks by a cam 65 secured to the drum shaft and co-operating with an arm 64. After the fingers have been raised into engagement with the racks, they are held in such engagement (until the handle pin is reseated in the hollow boss) by the disc 61 on the longitudinally movable rod 68, preventing movement of the arm 66f. When the machine is set to perform operations of addition and subtraction, the rod 68 is held against longitudinal movement, so that the disc 61 cannot move under the arm 66. This permits the cam 65 to solely control the movement of the fingers 62, so that at the end of each rotation of the drum, the fingers are withdrawn and the selecting elements released. The rod 68 is held against longitudinal movement by the angular stop I68, pivoted to the shaft 25 and engaged by the rear end of the lever I65. When the key I52 is depressed, the stop I68 is raised intoengagement with an enlargement I69 on the rod 68, thus preventing the rod from moving and consequently preventing the disc 61 from becoming effective to lock the fingers 62 in position] Depression of the key I53 releases the key i52 and causes the parts to return to their normal operative position for performing problems of multiplication and division.

The machine shown in the drawings has nine key sections, nine counting wheels in the multiplier counter and eighteen counting wheels in the carriage counting mechanism, producing a balanced 99-I3 machine. It is to be understood however, that the machine may be produced in diiferent capacities, such as I2I2-2 l or 6-6-I2, depending upon the class of service for which it is intended.

I claim:

1. In a calculating machine, a rotatable actuator, a plurality of rows of keys associated with said actuator, slides for holding depressed keys in depressed position, means for moving said slides to release the keys, a gear connected to and rotatable synchronously with said actuator and an arm pivotally connected to said gear and arranged to be reciprocated by rotation of the gear to move said slide moving means to release the.

depressed keys.

2. In a calculating machine, an actuator, controlling means therefor comprising a plurality of rows of depressible keys, means for holding the depressed keys in depressed position, an indicator associated with each row of keys, a spring associated with each indicator serving to return it from adjusted to zero position, means for holding the indicators in adjusted position determined by the value of the depressed keys and means for locking the indicators in adjusted position during the rotation of the actuator, a clearance key and means operated by the depression of the clearance key while the actuator is in full cycle position for simultaneously releasing the depressed keys and the indicators.

3. In a calculating machine, reversible numeral wheels, an actuator having a single full cycle position rotatable reversibly to introduce positive or negative values into the numeral wheels, said actuator comprising parts adapted to be adjust= ably positioned to correspond to different values, depressible keys for adjustably positioning said parts, means for holding the depressed keys in depressed position, means for continuously holding and locking the adjustably positioned parts in adjusted position, means for rotating the actuator in either direction from full cycle position, means operative during the rotation of the actuator for releasing the depressed keys and means operative upon the stopping of the actuator in full cycle position for releasing the adjustably positioned parts of the actuator.

4. In a calculating machine, a counting mechanism, a rotatable element, a slide carried by said rotatable element provided on its end with a plurality of teeth adapted to cooperate with said counting mechanism on rotation of said element, key set means inseparably associated with said rotatable element operative during the rotation of said element for causing a predetermined number of said teeth to engage the counting mechanism, means tending to return the key set means to zero position, means for latching the key set means in adjusted position and means operative in time with the rotatable element for releasing the latching means.

5. In a calculating machine, differential actuating mechanism comprising differentially settable control members spring urged toward zero position, key set differential mechanism for positioning and retaining said members against the action of said spring, and means controlled by the operation of said actuating mechanism for retaining said members in set position to permit release of said keys.

6. In a calculating machine, differential actuating mechanism comprising diiferentially settable control members, key set differential mechanism comprising key Iatches for positioning and retaining said members inselected adjustments, means for locking said members in the said selected adjustments, and a common control for seriatim, but in the same order regardless of the direction of operation thereof.

8. In a calculating machine, diiferential actuating mechanism comprising settable control members, key set differential mechanism-comprising key latches which controls the setting of said members, means for locking said members in selected adjustments during a plurality of operations of said actuating mechanism, and means for controlling said lock and said key latches 1n seriatim.

CARL M. F. FRIDEN. 

